How To Prepare An Application For A Top International Relations Degree in the UK
Gaining admission to prestigious International Relations courses necessitates a meticulously crafted application as the degree is becoming increasingly competitive. In this blog, U2’s International Relations tutors, delve into the intricacies of the degree and how to prepare, including tips on how to craft a compelling International Relations personal statement and preparing for Oxbridge interviews.
What Actually Is International Relations?
Studying International Relations at university level offers a deep dive into understanding the dynamics that shape our interconnected world. This field of study examines the interactions between nations, international organisations, non-governmental bodies, and individuals on a global scale. An International Relations degree equips students with the knowledge and skills needed to comprehend, analyse, and contribute to the complex landscape of international affairs.
1. Core Concepts and Theories: In the early stages of an International Relations degree, students are introduced to fundamental concepts and theories. These encompass concepts like sovereignty, power, security, diplomacy, globalisation, and international law. Understanding these principles lays the groundwork for comprehending the dynamics of international relations.
2. Historical Context: To understand the current state of global affairs, students explore the historical development of the modern nation-state system, major historical events, and key international actors that have influenced global politics. This historical context is essential for analysing contemporary international relations.
3. Political Systems and Institutions: Students study different political systems, including democracies, authoritarian regimes, and hybrid systems. Furthermore, they delve into the structures and functions of international institutions such as the United Nations, World Trade Organisation, and regional organisations like the European Union.
4. International Actors and Policies: An International Relations degree involves studying the roles and motivations of various international actors, including states, multinational corporations, non-governmental organisations, and individuals. Students typically also analyse policies related to trade, development, human rights, environmental sustainability, and conflict resolution.
5. Global Challenges and Conflicts: The course delves into the significant global challenges of our time, such as climate change, migration, terrorism, and pandemics. Students examine the impact of these challenges on international relations and explore potential solutions.
6. Research and Analysis Skills: Students are equipped with essential research and analytical skills. This includes understanding research methodologies, data analysis, critical thinking, and the ability to construct evidence-based arguments.
7. Specialisation: As students progress, they have the opportunity to specialise in areas that align with their interests and career goals. Specialisations might include areas like international security, human rights, development studies, or global governance.
8. Practical Experience: Many International Relations programmes offer opportunities for practical experience through internships, study abroad programs, or simulation exercises like Model United Nations. This hands-on experience allows students to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world settings.
An International Relations degree provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of global politics and prepares individuals for a range of careers in international organisations, government agencies, non-profits, research institutions, and more. It fosters critical thinking, cross-cultural understanding, and the ability to navigate a complex and interconnected world.
Key International Relations Concepts and Theories To Be Aware Of
1. Realism:
Idea: States are the central actors in international relations, driven by self-interest and the pursuit of power and security. The international system is anarchic, and conflict is inevitable.
Key Figures: Thucydides, Machiavelli, Morgenthau, Waltz.
2. Liberalism:
Idea: Emphasises cooperation, international institutions, and the potential for collective action to promote peace and prosperity. Focuses on democracy, human rights, and free trade.
Key Figures: Kant, Locke, Wilson, Keohane, Nye.
3. Constructivism:
Idea: Focuses on the role of ideas, norms, and identities in shaping international relations. States' behaviours are influenced by socially constructed meanings and norms.
Key Figures: Wendt, Kratochwil, Checkel.
4. Marxism:
Idea: Views international relations through the lens of economic structures and class struggle. Focuses on unequal power relations, exploitation, and imperialism.
Key Figures: Marx, Engels, Lenin, Wallerstein.
5. Neorealism (Structural Realism):
Idea: An extension of realism that emphasises the distribution of power in the international system as the primary determinant of state behaviour.
Key Figures: Waltz, Mearsheimer, Gilpin.
6. Neoliberalism:
Idea: Focuses on enhancing international cooperation through international institutions, international law, and economic interdependence.
Key Figures: Keohane, Nye, Ruggie.
7. Balance of Power:
Idea: States align to prevent any one state from becoming too powerful and dominating others, thus maintaining stability in the international system.
8. Security Dilemma:
Idea: When one state's efforts to increase its security leads to insecurity or conflict with other states, even if no state has hostile intentions.
9. Human Rights:
Idea: Rights inherent to all human beings, often seen as universal and inalienable, forming the basis for a just and equitable world order.
10. Global Governance:
Idea: Mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which states and other international actors cooperate to address global challenges and promote common interests.
11. Nationalism:
Idea: A strong sense of identity, pride, and devotion to one's nation, often influencing foreign policy and international interactions.
12. Soft Power:
Idea: The ability to influence others through attraction, persuasion, and agenda setting, as opposed to coercion or force.
Understanding these core concepts provides a solid foundation for analysing and engaging with International Relations theories and issues. Each concept offers a unique lens through which to view the complex dynamics of the global political landscape.
International Relations Admission Requirements and Criteria
Gaining admission to a reputable International Relations programme requires meeting specific academic and non-academic criteria. Common requirements typically encompass a strong academic record, including relevant subjects and a competitive A-Level or IB results. Additionally, demonstrating an interest in global affairs, a motivation to contribute to the field, and relevant extracurricular involvement can significantly enhance an application.
Researching and Selecting the Right Universities for an International Relations Degree
Researching and selecting the right universities for your International Relations application is a critical starting point. Here are some valuable tips to guide you through this process:
Begin by identifying universities renowned for their strong International Relations programmes in the UK.
Consider the faculty's expertise, research areas, and the opportunities for practical experiences like internships or study abroad programmes.
Look into alumni success stories and their contributions to the field of International Relations.
Guidance on Factors to Consider:
Evaluate the curriculum structure, course flexibility, and the availability of specialisations within the International Relations programme.
Consider the location of the university and its proximity to relevant organisations, embassies, or global institutions, offering networking and career opportunities.
Assess the academic resources, libraries, and research facilities available to International Relations students in British universities.
Some top UK universities to consider for an IR degree include: St Andrew’s (one of the best currently), King’s College London, LSE, SOAS, the University of Oxford (as part of the PPE course) and the University of Cambridge (as part of the HSPS course).
Undertake one of our Minds Underground International Relations Research Projects
Our co-curricular division, Minds Underground, offers a range of exciting International Relations research projects, which are great to mention on your university application. Example past research questions have included:
“Will the Kurds ever achieve statehood?”
Policy Proposal: “How to manage the ‘refugee crisis’”: This project would be in the style of a policy proposal document to a government or large international organisation, such as the United Nations or EU, about effective and realistic strategies to manage the ever-growing numbers of refugees.
“Is there a better style of governance than democracy?”
Benefit from the tutelage of a top International Relations graduate or researcher. Project sessions are £75-80/h + VAT (you can also split the cost with a classmate).
Useful International Relations Resources To Help You Prepare
Books:
"International Relations: A Very Short Introduction" by Paul Wilkinson
Part of the 'Very Short Introductions' series, this book offers a concise overview of international relations, covering the basics and major theories.
"Essentials of International Relations" by Karen A. Mingst, Ivan M. Arreguín-Toft
A beginner-friendly textbook summarizing key concepts, theories, and events in international relations.
"World Order" by Henry Kissinger
Provides insights into international relations and global order by a prominent figure in the field.
"Theories of International Politics and Zombies" by Daniel W. Drezner
A unique take on international relations theories using a hypothetical zombie apocalypse scenario.
"The Tragedy of Great Power Politics" by John Mearsheimer
Explores the concepts of offensive realism and the influence of great powers in international politics.
"The Globalisation of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations" by John Baylis, Steve Smith, and Patricia Owens
A comprehensive introduction to the field of International Relations, covering major theories and issues.
Essays and Articles:
Foreign Affairs (Journal/Magazine)
A highly respected publication that covers a wide range of international relations topics, providing diverse perspectives and analyses.
"The Clash of Civilisations?" by Samuel P. Huntington
A seminal essay discussing the potential conflicts arising from differences in cultural and religious identities.
"Diplomacy: Theories of its Practice in International Relations" by G.R. Berridge
An insightful essay exploring the theory and practice of diplomacy, a critical aspect of international relations.
Podcasts:
The Global Dispatches Podcast
Provides insightful interviews with experts in international relations, covering a wide range of global issues.
Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs Podcast
Features discussions on ethics in international relations, exploring critical issues and dilemmas.
Films and Documentaries:
"The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara"
A documentary offering valuable lessons about decision-making and international conflicts through the experiences of Robert S. McNamara.
"Inside Job"
An eye-opening documentary revealing the causes and consequences of the 2008 global financial crisis.
"The Act of Killing"
A thought-provoking documentary exploring the political landscape and human rights abuses in Indonesia.
"The Square"
A documentary capturing the Egyptian revolution and its impact on the country's political climate.
Adam Curtis documentaries are also a treasure trove for aspiring International Relations students and mostly available on BBC iPlayer or other streaming services. His unique storytelling and deep insights into the complexities of our world make his documentaries essential viewing. Curtis masterfully weaves together history, politics, and social issues, providing a fresh and critical perspective on the forces that shape our global landscape.
By delving into his works such as "The Power of Nightmares," "HyperNormalisation," and "Bitter Lake," students gain a profound understanding of interconnected political ideologies, the power of narratives, and the impact of historical events on contemporary international relations. Curtis challenges conventional wisdom, urging students to think critically and question established norms, making his documentaries an invaluable resource for anyone eager to comprehend the intricate dynamics of our world.
How to Craft a Strong International Relations Personal Statement
Crafting an exceptional International Relations personal statement is a crucial step in securing a spot in an esteemed institution like those within the Russell Group. For aspiring International Relations students, your personal statement is an opportunity to showcase your passion, academic prowess, extracurricular engagement, and long-term aspirations in the field.
1. Start with a Captivating Introduction:
Begin with a compelling opening that immediately engages the reader. You might share an insightful anecdote, a relevant quote, or a personal experience that inspired your interest in international relations. This should set the tone for the rest of your statement.
2. Highlight Your Academic Journey:
Illustrate your academic journey and how it has equipped you for further studies in International Relations. Discuss any relevant subjects you have studied, academic achievements, or extracurricular activities that showcase your intellectual curiosity and dedication to the field.
3. Showcase Relevant Co-curricular Activities:
Detail your involvement in clubs, societies, or projects related to international affairs. This could include participation in Model United Nations, debating clubs, volunteering for global initiatives, or engaging in human rights advocacy. Highlight the skills and experiences you gained and how they shaped your desire to study International Relations.
4. Discuss Your Long-Term Goals:
You could articulate your long-term career aspirations within the field of International Relations. Whether it's diplomacy, international development, policy analysis, or research, convey how obtaining a degree from a good university will help you achieve these goals.
6. Emphasise Your Research Interests:
Discuss any particular areas of International Relations you find intriguing and wish to explore during your studies. Showcase your awareness of ongoing global issues and how you aspire to contribute to research or solutions in those areas.
7. Demonstrate Critical Thinking and Analytical Skills:
Describe any projects, extended essays, or research you've undertaken that required critical thinking and analysis. Discuss how these experiences have honed your analytical abilities, a vital skill for studying International Relations.
9. Seek Feedback and Revise
After drafting your personal statement, seek feedback from teachers, mentors, or peers. Revise and refine your statement multiple times to ensure clarity, coherence, and an impactful narrative. U2 has a fantastic team of International Relations tutors who would be well-placed to help you build strong content for your personal statement and work on your drafts with you. Contact us for more information.
11. Conclude with Conviction
End your personal statement with a strong conclusion summarising your passion for International Relations and the value you would bring to the academic community at a respective Russell Group or top UK university.
Crafting the perfect personal statement for International Relations at a Russell Group university demands dedication, time, and thoughtful reflection. Tailor your statement meticulously, illustrating your unique attributes and demonstrating how you align with the university's ethos and values. Remember, your personal statement is your chance to shine and prove why you belong in the vibrant and competitive world of International Relations.
An International Relations Personal Statement Example
We have included an example International Relations personal statement below to give you an idea how you can integrate a range of co-curricular endeavours such as wider reading, lecture watching, podcast listening, research projects and essay competitions.
My journey into the captivating realm of International Relations was ignited by reading Graham T. Allison's "Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis." This book unravelled the complexities of decision-making in foreign policy, shedding light on the interplay between rational choice and organisational behaviour. As I turned the pages, I was drawn into a world of crisis diplomacy, game theory, and the unpredictable dynamics of international politics.
Fuelled by this newfound passion, I eagerly delved into scholarly articles such as Robert J. Art's "The Four Functions of Force." Art's analysis of the multifaceted roles of military force in international relations deepened my understanding of the complex interplay between diplomacy and coercion. These readings formed the foundation upon which I built my academic journey.
My enthusiasm for International Relations found expression in a research project exploring the impact of international organisations on global conflict resolution. Through in-depth interviews and rigorous analysis, I uncovered the pivotal role played by non-state actors in mediating conflicts and fostering diplomacy. This project not only honed my research skills but also reinforced my conviction that the study of international relations is not just an academic pursuit; it is an imperative for understanding and addressing global challenges.
My academic journey was further enriched by attending a series of lectures by prominent scholars. Anne-Marie Slaughter's lecture on the evolving landscape of international law and institutions was particularly enlightening. Her insights into the future of global governance rekindled my desire to explore these themes in-depth and contribute to shaping the future of international relations.
In my pursuit of knowledge, I have been a dedicated listener of educational podcasts. Podcasts like "The Diplomat," "Global Dispatches," and "World Affairs" have enriched my understanding of current events and international relations theories, while fostering a critical yet informed perspective. One particular episode from "The Diplomat" podcast, titled "Cybersecurity in the 21st Century: A New Frontier in International Relations," left a profound impact. The discussion illuminated the evolving role of cybersecurity as a new frontier in global politics and the profound implications of digital actions on international relations. Listening to experts dissect the complex interplay of state interests, non-state actors, and evolving international norms in cyberspace heightened my awareness of the transformative power of technology in shaping diplomatic and strategic decisions.
Participating in essay competitions, including the XYZ International Relations Essay Contest, allowed me to apply my knowledge in practical contexts. My essays, which examined topics such as non-state actors in contemporary conflict resolution, were recognised for their originality and critical analysis.
In conclusion, my exploration of International Relations has been marked by a voracious appetite for knowledge, a commitment to research, and a desire to understand and address the complexities of global politics. I am resolute in my intention to embark on an academic journey to explore, question, and shape the ever-changing landscape of international relations, contributing to a world where diplomacy, cooperation, and understanding prevail.
How to Prepare for International Relations As Part of An Oxbridge Degree
At Oxford and Cambridge, you cannot apply for a straight International Relations course. However, International Relations is a key component of Oxford’s PPE course and Cambridge’s HSPS course.
For aspiring international relations scholars, Oxford's PPE (Philosophy, Politics, and Economics) course provides an exceptional avenue. Within PPE, International Relations is a pivotal component, allowing you to delve deeply into the complexities of global affairs while simultaneously exploring the interconnected realms of philosophy and politics. This integrated approach fosters a more comprehensive understanding of the subject, making your knowledge base richer and multidimensional.
Cambridge's HSPS (Human, Social, and Political Sciences) course, on the other hand, provides an equally compelling experience. It blends a diverse range of subjects, including Sociology, Social Anthropology, Politics, and, of course, International Relations. Within the HSPS course, you can engage in rigorous study of the global political landscape, and at the same time, explore the social, cultural, and political dynamics that shape our world.
The beauty of these programs lies in their flexibility. While you'll study a range of subjects, including International Relations, you have the freedom to delve deeper into the specific areas that ignite your passion. Whether it's global security, international development, diplomacy, or international political economy, you can choose electives that align with your interests.
Oxford and Cambridge not only offer a rich academic experience but also a stimulating environment where you can interact with fellow students and faculty who share your zeal for international relations. The tutorials, discussions, and research opportunities are second to none, ensuring that you're not just learning about international relations; you're actively engaging with it.
So, if you're eager to embark on a journey through the fascinating world of international relations, know that Oxford and Cambridge have crafted distinctive paths that allow you to explore, dissect, and understand this complex field in a way that few other institutions can.
International Relations Thinking Challenge (especially useful for Oxbridge candidates!)
Thinking Challenge: "The Ethics of Intervention"
Scenario: Imagine you are a policy advisor in a country that has been presented with evidence of severe human rights abuses occurring in another sovereign state. The situation is worsening, and innocent lives are at stake. There's a growing call for your country to intervene and protect the affected population. However, international law emphasises non-interference in the domestic affairs of other states. What ethical considerations should guide your country's decision on whether to intervene or not?
Explanation: This thinking challenge addresses a fundamental ethical dilemma in International Relations - the tension between the principle of non-interference (state sovereignty) and the responsibility to protect innocent lives in the face of severe human rights violations. It forces you to grapple with the complexities of international relations, where moral imperatives often clash with established norms of state behaviour.
By engaging with this challenge, you're encouraged to think critically about the balance between respecting state sovereignty and fulfilling a moral duty to protect vulnerable populations. This dilemma requires an understanding of international legal frameworks, historical precedents, cultural sensitivities, and the potential consequences of both intervention and non-intervention. It prompts you to consider the role of the international community, the implications for global stability, and the potential ethical dilemmas that policymakers face in such situations.
Addressing this challenge involves weighing the conflicting ethical principles and proposing a balanced course of action that upholds human rights while respecting the principles of sovereignty and non-interference. It's an exercise that helps develop your analytical and ethical reasoning, vital skills in the field of International Relations.
We Can Help You With Your International Relations Application
At U2 Tuition, we have a fantastic team of tutors specialising in the field of International Relations, dedicated to guiding aspiring students towards success in their pursuit of higher education. Our experienced tutors work closely with each student, identifying their strengths and areas for improvement to deliver personalised tutoring sessions tailored to their specific needs. From crafting compelling personal statements, to aiding with admissions tests and interview preparation for Oxbridge courses, our comprehensive support equips students with the skills and knowledge needed to excel in their journey towards a degree in International Relations.
The Tutoring Process:
Leveraging their deep familiarity with the admissions process for International Relations programmes, our tutors will guide you through every step, including personal statement development and interview preparation if applying for Oxbridge.
We recommend preparation sessions begin by exploring 'beyond the curriculum' material that can be incorporated into your personal statement and discussed during interviews (if applicable). Our tutors assist students in refining their interests within the field of International Relations, introducing them to various approaches, new concepts, and guiding their reading and subject exploration.
For those interested in International Relations as part of a wider PPE or HSPS application, we offer specialised support for admissions tests and interview preparation, covering all formats of test and interview question and conducting mock interviews to boost your confidence.
You have the flexibility to choose the frequency of sessions with your tutor, with options for both ad-hoc sessions and structured full preparation programmes. Additionally, we provide co-curricular opportunities such as subject-specific Summer Schools, research projects, and mock interview days to further enhance your application and interview readiness.
Sessions from £75/h + VAT.